* Rule Specification : The filtering services themselves would be provided by vendors (say, virus scanners) while the configuring conditions (rules) will be described/specified using the 'P' rule language.
* Writing simple filters/actions: While modifying a message to be able to call several commoditized filters may be one of the examples (Alex), I would see the need for writing actions more when the actions themselves are very simple - may be to just put some additional authentication controls onto services, where the OPES processor would just return a 40x response.
* Writing modules in 'P': Since a set of rules themselves may need to be reused many a times, we may want to create customized reusable modules in 'P'
(d) defining mechanisms by which a user can communicate rulesets to the OPES processor.