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Re: Summary, was Re: Every time ..., was Re: General formula



At 01:17 AM 6/8/99 -0700, Ed Gerck wrote:
>
>
>Tony Bartoletti wrote:
>
>> The given formula "works" (assuming all component attributes have identical
>> lifetimes.)
>
>Tony:
>
>I can't understand the "works" -- do you find a mistake in the results?
>
>> I wanted to explore the more general case, where the component lifetimes
>> are unequal, and to help define "degrees of redundancy".
>>
>> A simple (?) example:
>>
>>   Consider a certificate C over two attributes A and B with lifetimes given
>>   by TA and TB, respectively.
>>
>>   Assuming no redundancy, we allow 1/TC = 1/TA + 1/TB.
>
>You mean, there is no 100% redundancy? Because redundancy is NOT
>a problem in the equation -- as I showed in my e-mail anterior and
>you recognized when you wrote above "works" ;-))))
>
>Of course, you cannot just *repeat* the *same* attribute two times
>and expect that you have two attributes, in fact you would just one
>attribute, no?

At this point, we cannot tell from inspection whether A and B have any
components which are themselves 100% redundant.  In any case, A and B
are not 100% redundant.

>>   Suppose, upon closer inspection, we agree that attributes A and B are
>>   themselves formed of components.  Specifically:
>>
>>         A = a1 and a2 and a3  (respective lifetimes Ta1, Ta2, Ta3)
>>         B = b1 and b2 and b3  (respective lifetimes Tb1, Tb2, Tb3)
>>
>>   Note:  Attribute A is valid IFF all of a1, a2, a3 are valid, etc.
>>
>>   Continuing under assumptions of no redundancy, we still find
>>
>>         1/TC = 1/TA + 1/TB
>>              = 1/Ta1 + 1/Ta2 + 1/Ta3 + 1/Tb1 + 1/Tb2 + 1/Tb3
>
>You "forgot" to impose the conditions, derived directly by your
>hypothesis:
>
>1/TA = 1/Ta1 + 1/Ta2 + 1/Ta3
>1/TB = 1/Tb1 + 1/Tb2 + 1/Tb3

If I did not impose these conditions, how could I have made the 
direct substitution in the equation for 1/TC above?

>>   Suppose a "final investigation" reveals that the components a1 and a2 of A
>>   are precisely the components b1 and b2 of B.  Thus the certificate C
>>   certifies exactly the components a1, a2, a3, b3.
>
>Your affirmation does not make mathematical sense, Tony. What do you mean by
>
>"the components a1 and a2 of A are precisely the components b1 and b2 of B."
>
>Do you mean they are equal? So what? You affirmed before that:
>
> "Assuming no redundancy, we allow 1/TC = 1/TA + 1/TB"

And I believe you maintain, in essense, that unless A and B are themselves
exactly redundant, "redundancy is not a problem in the equation."

Hence, I force A and B to be "partially redundant", and intentionally
drop the "Assuming no redundancy" to illustrate.
 
I mean that a1 is exactly redundant to b1, and a2 to b2.  They ARE the
same attributes, just repeated.  Although this does not make A and B
completely redundant, it DOES violate the original assumption, which
was exactly the point.  The formula 1/TC = 1/TA + 1/TB will not provide
the right answer, even though A and B are "different" attributes.

Unless A and B reveal their structure to us, so that we may identify
and eliminate duplicated components, we cannot apply such a formula.
And if the duplicated components [ai,bi] for some of the i, all exhibit
different expected lifetimes, there is no opportunity for the "grouping"
you mentioned, which says nothing more than SUM[C] to n terms = n*C for
a constant C.  They will be "groups of 1", and we are reduced to the
equation I gave:

  1/TC  =  1/TA + 1/TB - ( SUM[1/TCi] for ci in INTERSECT(A,B) )

The problem is in identifying this intersection, and not simply treating
attributes A and B as atoms.

___tony___
 



Tony Bartoletti                                             LL
IOWA Center                                              LL LL
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory                LL LL LL
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