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weak authentication issue with rfc5083



We have identified a potential for spoofing when using rfc5083.

 

Rfc5083 computes a message HMAC over the content using the authenticated encryption algorithms. The message HMAC is calculated based on the content and the content encryption key (CEK).

 

A number of allowed key management techniques derive a key encryption key (KEK) which can be used to authenticate the sender e.g. Static-Static Diffie Hellman, Kerberos shared secret, shared password. The KEK is used to encrypt the CEK per recipient.

 

However when the integrity of the message is validated via the message HMAC, the sender only demonstrates knowledge of the CEK to the recipient.

 

Any other recipient knows the CEK so can construct another message using the same CEK and compute the new HMAC and reuse the encrypted KEK data from the original message. For example:

 

Alice sends a message to Bob and Mallet. Alice uses  different KEK’s  for both Bob and Mallet to encrypt the CEK. Bob decrypts the CEK using  his KEK. The message decrypts and the HMAC checks out so Bob think the message is from Alice because only Bob and Alice know the KEK.

 

Mallet is the recipient of the original message so he can use his KEK to learn the message CEK. Mallet then  constructs a new message and encrypts it using the same CEK as the original message. Mallet copies Bobs  KEK recipient Info from Alice's message which contains the same encrypted CEK. Because Mallet knows the CEK he can also compute the correct HMAC for the new message. Mallet sends the new message to Bob. Bob again uses his KEK to discover the CEK and successfully decrypts the message and the HMAC check out so Bob thinks this new message is also from Alice.

 

This issue only applies when there are multiple recipients. The motivation to use the new authenticated encryption is to improve performance so solutions like bifurcating messages to use different CEK or signing the message are counterproductive.

 

We need an additional structure to allow the sender to demonstrate knowledge of both the KEK and CEK per recipient when sending to multiple recipients.

What is the consensus to resolve this?

 

We can version 5083 to document the new structure or we can do document the new structure via a standalone document.